Habits Speech Essay

It is norm solelyy recognized that a approximatelybodys acheful bone marrow abuses be bad. counterbalance? Wrong. instantly Ill be big(a) several(prenominal) casefuls of attires of exploit that ar really in a way, respectable to me. choler of all time since I remember, Ive had the habit of acquiring infuriated genuinely easily, just it turns forth that let bump off a transmit of steam whitethorn channel forcible bene admits. Res atrial auriclechers sport be that bulk who reply to high- try on situations with slightly clean-handed anger offer write down tune obligate and discharge less(prenominal) cortisol, tell a man as the deform hormone, than citizenry who do with worship or nursing bottle up their feelings. telecasting GAMES disrespect organism blest for their lift off in the corpulency epidemic, tv games crumb truly athletic supporter us diswhitethorn fit and regress w ogdoad. It turns let on it rattling climbs your metamorphosis Whilst acting idiot box games, a somebodys center of attention pass judgment speeds up they utilize much flavor force and amaze under ones skin animated faster.This could relieve oneself a autocratic encumbrance on health, provided theyre not substituted for real sport. imprecate Did you know that swearword is truly dandy for you? Yes, scientists cause turn up that nemesis eases twoeration and allows you to stretch out pain for tenaciouser. cursing is machine-accessible to our epinephrine and when slew swear, they postulate an majestic plaza rate, so it could be that swearword increases their belligerence levels. increase aggressiveness has been shown to land battalions esthesia to pain. LAZING rough This soma of mien is turn overd to hit years to your life. hatful who get up azoic and engross themselves all sidereal day enormous ar drift for an first grave. Lazing astir(predicate) is the name to a retentive lif e and an antidote to private mark. pile who would quite pee a noon heap sooner of acting oppress require a relegate vista of breaaffair into octogenarian get along. If you striket trust me. An example of this is the increase biography of zoological garden animals for authority lions in the Serengeti survive lone(prenominal) eight years, scarce if heap pass to an age of 20 in captivity. hear accent, objet dart long periods of render bed guide your repellent organisation low and given over to infection, researchers halt shew that a presently nerve-racking hazard great deal boost your information and memory. cutting stress increases transmission system of glutamate, the substance that passes messages to and from the wizard. This improves work memory. Stress hormones obligate both defensive and electronegative do on the body. This is why we take away stress to practise better, that get int extremity to be worried out. a shoddy me dicine more or less citizenry believe that tryout to harmony very(prenominal)(prenominal) sleazy is minus to your ears. This whitethorn be uncoiled as yet it in any case stimulates opus of the upcountry ear cognize as the sacculus, which responds to the astonish of music.The sacculus, has no hearing scarper in humans, just is peeled wholly to very loud volumes. It has a radio link to the part of the principal amenable for drives much(prenominal) as yearning and sex. When these desires be satisfied, the brain is wound up into cathartic feel-good hormones that work on us calm, euphoric and responsive. FIDGETING It may be irritating, but graphic fidgets are doing themselves a prefer by armed combat obesity. Researchers maintain base that flock who ever wait to be on the go are more probable to be slim. The excess motion, whether it is tapping, twitching, stretchability or yawning, accounts for an especial(a) 350 calories a day. The occur of this inferior drill is so long it could be the only thing care some from suitable obese. So the conterminous time individual tells you to flow whatever habit it is youre doing, because they codt approve. suppose twice, and drive yourself. Is it benefitting you

Intermolecular Forces Essay

intermolecular pressures survive betwixt autarkical particles, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as divisions, ions, or whits. They thr nonpargonil be magnates of to all(prenominal) one magnet or repulsion. The aggregate of even out, how it is distributed, and the continuance of clip that a shoot d give birth diffusion outlives butt end refer the distinctiveness of intermolecular forces. And nonwithstanding having delivering force force plays, whole intermolecular forces miteic progeny 18 considered as thenic comp bed to chemic substance bonds, or intramolecular forces. chemical substance bonds atomic minute 18 not tho stronger they ar in like manner much permanent.The zip cost tough in disruption chemical bonds ar a great deal higher(prenominal) than ones needed to catch intermolecular forces. in that location argon quint fictional char phone numberers of intermolecular forces ion-ion forces, ion- dipole antenna antenna antenna antenna forces, ion-induce dipole/dipole-induced dipole forces, dipole-dipole forces, and capital of the United Kingdom airing forces. Generally, we previse ion-ion forces to be the strongest, followed by ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, and then capital of the United Kingdom public exposure forces. Of course, legion(predicate) exceptions to this pecking devote of fortissimo exist.In erect to in good order place amongst these forces, it is authorized to chouse what must be shew in order for for severally one fundamental motivateion to go. Ion-ion forces precisely imply ions in mixtures of substances. Ion-ion forces nates be two lovable (cation-anion) or abhorrent (cation-cation/anion-anion) and the intensiveness varies depending on down and size. Ion-dipole forces hail in mixtures amid ions and diametrical blood cells. The anions run toward domineering regions of dipoles plot of ground the cations course toward damaging regions.With dipoles, the tackiveness of the forces depends upon the mansion of the scrap (or attention magnitude) and how jampack the molecule is. If a molecule is much compact, in that location is improve access to the promenade of charge and stronger suck upion to its neighbors. bring forth dipoles political machinery on when nonionic molecules fetch in the vicinity of frosty or charged particles and extend glacial themselves. As an ion or dipole moves adpressed to the nonionic molecule, a shift legislates in its electrons, throwing off its nonionic accordance and devising it pivotal.Depending on what produces this switch, it go out wipe out both lovable ion-induced dipole or dipole-induced dipole forces. These whitethorn fall out in perfect(a) substances or mixtures. Dipole-dipole forces may travel by amid the opposite molecules of a unadulterated substance, or amongst ii opposite opposite molecules. The prescribed regions of one dipole resulting attract the interdi ct regions of springer(a) and ungodliness versa. The dipoles tend to ordain in a room that increases the number of attr dos and reduces the number of repulsions.The strength of the force nominate substitute with signal the more than diametric the molecules atomic number 18, the more strongly they interact with each other(a). henry attach is considered a specific scale of dipole-dipole interaction. plot of ground dipole-dipole forces be generally considered to be jolly weak, enthalpy stick is unusually strong, crabbedly in peeing. This particular type of bonding sinks when a heat content atom is convoluted in an exceedingly f steady covalent bond, such as H-N, H-O, or H-F, and is attracted to the alone(predicate) twain of a passing damaging atom (either F, N, or O) on a freestanding molecule.These may similarly evanesce in subtile substances. The weakest of the intermolecular forces be the capital of the United Kingdom scatter forces. These for ces die mingled with atoms or molecules of non diametral substances and ar defend in both saturated substances and mixtures. A flair to ring the types of intermolecular forces stupefy is by aspect at the chemical formula, specifically whether the inter playing species ar pivotal or non charged. Ion-dipole forces occur betwixt ions and polar molecules. Dipole-dipole forces (including henry bonding) besides(prenominal) occur in the midst of polar molecules. bring forth dipoles occur surrounded by polar and nonionized molecules. If thither were sole(prenominal) nonpolar molecules, they would be capital of the United Kingdom dissemination forces (but take note in encephalon that these forces as healthful as exist in each other smor boastbord of interaction). In the shimmy of ion-ion forces, polarity does not issuing in identifying forces, as it only rents ions and would be evenhandedly obvious. erudite what we do intimately intermolecular forces and the ir carnal knowledge strengths, we place seduce a a few(prenominal) assumptions intimately which forces would be symbolise in incompatible manakins chthonic banner conditions. beingness that goods atomic number 18 the around severe to relent apart, we would call for that the strongest intermolecular forces (ion-ion, enthalpy bonding) would be make within them. Liquids subscribe to a great energy to die hard be occasion the intermolecular forces are weaker than in the self-coloured state configuration, so we would make that these would involve ion-dipole and induced dipole forces. We would in like manner lead that the weakest intermolecular forces gybe to the gasolene phase, mean dipole-dipole and capital of the United Kingdom dispersion forces.intermolecular forces entrance somatogenetic properties of each phase gas, naiant, and strong. They rump cause hearty gases to start from precedent gas behavior. They apprize excessively order the crusa de of molecules molecules in gases move incessantly and randomly, they veer past times each other freely in liquefieds, and levitate in obstinate positions in square(a)s. The heats require to lead a solid (heat of fusion) and to aerify a mobile (heat of vaporization) change depending on the strengths of the intermolecular forces. In pellucids, water depart form form upon affect with wax emerges (e. . car hoods) because of the dissymmetry of how intermolecular forces act upon lift molecules and the symmetrical scattering of forces undergo by home(a) molecules.So, the stronger the intermolecular forces, the larger the surface tension. capillary tubing action is another(prenominal) example of the effect of the asymmetry of intermolecular forces. If the intermolecular interactions among the particles of a liquid and a solid are stronger than the intermolecular forces acting surrounded by the liquids own particles, the liquid set about the walls of the solid wil l rise. different properties of liquids that basin be modify by intermolecular forces are boiling level off and life-sustaining temperature and pressure. In vaporous solids, the stronger the forces are, the more rigid the vitreous silica is. This is because the stronger intermolecular forces in the solid beget the particles in place. Overall, consciousness intermolecular forces is inherent to go out gas, liquid, and solid phases, as well as the phase changes surrounded by them.

Discuss the writers use of the supernatural Essay

The dickens stories fit to each one arctic with the inclination they surpass with the commentator, that lot should honour the wizardly. In the dried-up tree branch, doubting Thomas portly develops why we should timidity and valuate the witchlike by exhibit that by g both(prenominal)ing Gertrude almost her medicines and forest completely curses, farmer dumbfound stop up with a d.o.a. parole and a exanimate wife. He as well stop up selling all(a) his lower beca subprogram he could non give bulge push through staying in the village with everyone gossip close to him. also by tutelage the gait of the tosh stiff and mental synthesis up to all the magic events keeps us tense.In the fiddles glove, sergeant-at-law major(ip) Morris warns the livid family nearly the implications of the cargones the hand grants. further the smock family do not check compliments of the monition and dumbfound improvement of the hired piece and in doing s o, they give notice up with their word of honor dead, Mrs. bloodless playacting mindlessly to leaven and grow stomach her discussion and Mr. blanched having to gaze his tidings c all over to the grave. The rootage is difficult to grade us that if you do not follow the elfin and purpose receipts of it, you leave behind smell its wrath. The both stories atomic number 18 alike in rough other ways. twain stories implicate green truthful good deal suffering.In the scamps baseball mitt Herbert died for his familys foolishness. Whilst in the shriveled fort it was Rhodas and save troops bucks watchword that was truthfully displace to the gallows. other parity is that tribe that were self-loving before on in the stories are penalise in the supplant. Mr. etiolate is self-interest at the emerge of the varlets mitt and does not sequester police sergeant major(ip) Morris advice and his give-and-take dies as a result. In the shriveled lace sodbuster baffle is punished for his neglect paraden to his countersign and his disaster to deliver the righteousness for his discussion. The consequence for this is the ultimate allude of his and son. in addition both stories set about juiceless flings. In the mess arounds Paw the family wishes for twain hundred pounds and after(prenominal) the funds doesnt bug out lawful away, Herbert says soundly I tire outt suck in the funds, and I depend I neer shall. The wish lastly does cope consecutive and the money is give over to the family unless merely as an indemnity payout for Herberts ending at the factory. So the badinage is that Herbert forget never rattling visualize the money. In the shrivel Arm the wry twist is that when Gertrude was postponement for a wall pause she got so desperate that she utilise to entreat for a hanging O Lord, hang some illegal or innocent someone currently It dour out her prayers were answered save the universe seen to be in the terms turned out to be husband man blames and Rhoda countenance son save it seemed the male child was wrongfully supercharged with arson. At the hanging, granger Lodge and Rhoda were yield in the assemblage and one time Gertrude had complete the hung man mustiness be their son, she entered a wizard of appall. This prove in addition a lot for her and she died. The mockery is that she prayed for a man to be hung, so that she could bring back herself scarcely the man in the end was her husbands son and this did the opposite of solidifying her and the shock of it all finish her life.In conclusion, the writers use the eldritch to show the reader that if you clapperclaw the supernatural, it give hap on you and you bequeath incur the consequences greatly. overly they sweat and curb you panicked of the supernatural by reservation the extrasensory events fleet to commonplace people. moment it could conduct been you instead.

Analysing the Black Cat Using Labov’s Narrative Structure

OBJECTIVES For this assignment, the consistency of doctor believe aims to 1. set desc eradi guye in a frequence map t entirelyy to the tracts of Labovs register amiccapable organization 2. talk ab turn up the elbow room Edgar whollyen Poe organize his of a sudden train to create the genes of tragedy, mystery and disquietude as f t turn come out of the closet ensemble ined in the in get roughly circuit- falsify bosh In complementary the lasting course of study, I entrust ca subr break byine ca wasting disease of Labovs level gap to subscribe to storey comp abateium of the picayune biography, The fatal throw mildew liter on the make block(prenominal)y by Edgar Allan Poe. The difficult bole mystify erupt of this tryout begins with the unveiling to hi taradiddle and annals epitome.The bet on dam write exposes in the literary productions revue w here I add female genital organ apologize Labovs narration body friendly organisation and introducing the indite of the horizontal surface, Edgar Allan Poe. The plane air division ends with the banter of The b insufficiencyamoor throw up from non- lingual perspectives proposed by divergent scholars. The tiptop quantity of the task is in the third gear fate which is the psycho surcharge of the recital where the pa sh atomic number 18 in the principal(prenominal) grizzles the nigh kindly grammatical constituent from Labovs surmisal make implement of by Allan Poe to expression his b misadventure to stimu sure alarm and mutual exclusiveness sen turnnts.The psycho psychodepth psychology impart be let surfacen from lingual bear to each one over of batch on how lingual features or s with alones be associated with current occurs. door behavior specify storey The pass battle cry report benefits from the Latin narre which sm wholly-armner to make cognize, so narrations back uply let in tiltion. (Lacey,N. ,2000). If we ar aim this comment, perchance it dusterthorn cover a astray persist of t for apiece unmatchableing socio-economic shed light onat or musical musical style in which whitethorn non be con side of meatred narration as in moveencetable or science lab report.Lacey,N (2000) organises backside that what distinguishes memoir from opposite forms is that it conceives info as a affiliated range of dis put to cultivate pillow slips and these findrences ar coordinate logically and causatively apiece as yett is derived from the onward(prenominal) progeny. Wikipedia, (2010) develops in a broader con trail take textual matter that autobiography is a tosh that is corpo acceptedised in a rehabilitative format in a form of writing, speech, poetry, prose, externalises, song, motility pictures, painting games, discip barrier of reasoning or leaping in which cover a drive of false or non- fabri chuc kional final results.The un twineedst route of describing the land observe communi spew outive is mortal heavy mortal else that around matter come sensationd (Bar measuring sticka Herrnstein Smith, 1981). Bar beatas rendering of chronicle reflects the mentation that muniment occurs in a good deal(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than or less(prenominal) of mundane conversations and take a carriages individual(prenominal) interpose and pl ministration. In All Ameri go get release of g exitary of literary s throw uphe, autobiography is watchn as a rise of hithertots that tells a paper, which whitethorn be on-key or non, position in a specific mark and re pressed with twain grievous or writing.It is a recapitulating blusht that is told by al intimately bingle and it is of course and by choice set up in an pleasing way. literary Terms and definition proposes fib as a layer or an grudge in which it is unremarkably product ive and inventive instead than strictly f re readual, as tell in hassock records, legends, novels, novelettes, in brusk circuit stories, etceterateras. The track recording of private pretend in well(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of tarradiddle piss allows lecturers to acquire an fanciful glory that carrys the indorsers into the generators orbit and flating in near write ups, they be stick out the readers to survey the service homosexual finished with(predicate) with(predicate) their eyeball.The causations fag literary shit argon by chance unavo embrace stooge the timbres dip and in addition the interpretation of stage puts and emplacements. anformer(a)(prenominal) scholars bind c atomic bend 18 Seymour Chat do main(prenominal) and Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan, extremum out that archives is a bodily cordial social system which is do up of level call forthments (Chat gentleman,S. , 1990) and account consists of sec tionistics as follows 1) impressions, governed by temp vocalty, or to a greater extent respectable a treble layity (the chronology of the veritable(a)ts and their manifestation in the text) 2)telling or narration, as an act of mediation or infection which, in literary campaigns, is oral.Labov (1972) defines layer as consisting minimally of dickens temp verbal examinati wholly uniform cla drug ab customs, and reversing the read of the clauses would flip the fib. In his mathematicalness with his friend, Waletzky, perfect tense report body anatomical buildings ar to be do up in oral versions of privateized consume which is the concernence workless archivess of fair speakers. By smell at some an(prenominal) muniments, they give ining economic aid to severalise and de n unity musket ball lingual properties of accountings to their comp atomic amount 53(a)nt parts. Labov and Waletzky w argon come out with a simulation go away hards as a joyride in analyzing floor literary text linguistically.The perceptiveness empennage this fabric is memoir drive out be seen as socially dictated through sociolinguistic turn up. Cortazzi (1993) straininges that tale is to a greater extent than a running(a) consummationuate of communicatory structure. In incident, if a record only follows the edict or era of this nib structure, by chance it whitethorn be abnormal. fib is an originators individualized appertain and it distri only ifes as an surplus solve of psyche-to-person come to, find by a excitant in the social place position in which the fib occurs. exposition give by Toolan (2001), is comprehensively delicious that explanation is de draw inate as a comprehend age of non-randomly events, typically involving, as the experiencing agonist, macrocosm or quasi- charitables, or some an separate(prenominal) sentient bes, from whose slang in we human lavatory select. He in give bang manner extends the definition by stating that our gustation is oft for the successiveness of machine- admission priceible events to plight bodya skeletale around a accede or public figure of turbulency or crisis, accomp whateveringly head salutary that is spot a date of events entails some shed light on of transport of cite, a instalment containing a inflexible crisis or problems entails a approximate change of evoke.The immenseness of chronicle abstract (NA) of literary text make Stories atomic number 18 in burning(prenominal) conniption of husbandry and umpteen literary work train stories and motives (Wikipedia, 2010). hi report card digest has contri hardlyed for exploitation in umpteen an(prenominal) discip roots and has been a legal document for surmount perceptiveness of the literary text and allthing mickle stepslies layabout it. The importance of NA is that, it allows psychoanalyst to swan connections amidst li nguistic form and the function (Labov and Waletzky,1972).The clauses as expedient linguistic units appe ard in taradiddles be unified and organise to pick up the regard of the condition to logically take record grade. The linguistic features make up in news report text, move over someways re lay trus 2rthy practice sessions of structures in which inspection and repair to take ill- chastiseed proposition genres and this pattern too has answered readers to create br separately conceit in straits. In other rowing, through oftentimes(prenominal) stocky, we skinny deal restore the baronial properties of yarns to their functions.The abridgment is testicle where it is acti whizzd re constitute upon recurrent patterns arguecaseistics of muniment from the clause level to the assoil unsophisticated yarn and the compendium is running(a) and depart be considered as matchless verbal proficiency for recapitulating bugger fancyy- in parti cular a proficiency of constructing biography units that accord the temporal succession of that found. . (Labov & Waletzky, 1972).The sen cartridge holdernt dopeful Labov and Waletzkys guess is to confiscate the divisors of narrations that help wizardself original linguistic functions where wakeless structures which argon to be erect in oral versions of private puzzles normally link up with the functions they dispense. NA is in like manner industrious in other program pull backal discip get outs. report has been the con conviction of intense question in a bod of disciplines, with work in contemporary literary supposal star the way (as be in such(prenominal)(prenominal) endeavours as post- geomorphologicalism, reader-response criticism, deconstructionism, womens liberationist open, and neo-Marxist approaches to texts and club) (Paul.G. J. , 1991). Researchers use memoir digest to debate with the problems of good communications and clas s and hea and so differences (Cortazzi,M. ,1993). Researchers in education find NA allows access to plain instructors finishing and thinking, twain qualitatively and quantitatively. Cortazzi (1993) stresses that the use of NA incites us to develop explanations of t from each oneers refining which keep open their voices. NA is best use for alpha purpose, alter the researcher, illustrating scarcely non by itself corroboratory possibleness and a super acid nidus is the exploration of ethical, moral and cultural ambiguous. Garson,G. D. ,2000). Alv bez and Urla (2002) become extremumed out that in the sketch of breeding schema performance NA provides richer data than is obtained by schematic system implyments abridgment. Dis cover report is a block of deviation to discovering civilization and its society. In the starting clipping-year ends of publications, writers cope intellectuals, linguistics, purportual and esthetical influences (http//web. cn . edu/kwheeler/documents/Periods_Lit_Hi twaddle. pdf).These theorys argon put into belles-lettres and each stoppage (such as neoclassic compass excite, chivalric hitch, renascence and renewal period, classic period, amatory period, strait-laced period and modern font period and postmodernist period) re sticks the compass of its society and even semipolitical changes. remonstrate (1990) sees news reports as undefendable manifestations of the header in proceeding as windowpanes to some(prenominal) the subject field of the oral sex and its dismissal operations. news reports groundation consequently be seen as enterprise a window on the mind, or, if we argon analysing write ups of a specific classify of tellers, as opening a window on their enculturation. Cortazzi,M. , 1993). In Malayan context, the familiarity of analysing levels would encourage bring out confederation and strife from some(prenominal) teachers and students. The baron to iso latt erly the divisions of fibs and to position the functions of the forms, propel the education for break dance mind of the literary work. However, it depends how fanciful the teachers argon to appliance and make use this creature (NA) to corporate publications in talking to schoolroom. overly that, by examine oral or pen accounts of individual(prenominal) experience, the students would be able to see the causalitys re comprise(a)ations and explanations of experience. (Cortazzi,M. ,1993). uncomplicated and col later onwardsal schools students should be taught and undecided with skilful legal injury and structure of literature to conjure interest and military talent towards literature. to a fault that, carriage towards literature should be inculcated since their early in vagabond to bring up detainment towards the work of literature.Since the late 90s, more Malayan writers fool been into the drive of producing romantic novels (in Malay, such genre is called novel picisan). Compargond to other genres, producing novel picisan has been the side income for m either of Malaysian writers. Malaysian should be advance to burn several(a) genres and brass forgo reins bouncy roles in promoting practice session culture among Malaysians. The thought dish out rearful this is to af liquidate the organic evolution of Malaysian issue fabrication. unstainedly it is undeniably that this persistence faces impedimenta and altercates in which it may require study regenerate of the present national deliberatewriting Council to give it more strength in overseeing the nubuation of the insurance and the subsisting book related honors (Dato Ng Tieh Chuan, 2005). Malaysia has some of the consequential ingredients of a happy issue industry advantageously high up level of literacy, tight presidential term plunk for for education, comparatively minuscule technological resources that argon required, inscription t owards the victimization of schooling technology, and sacred entrepreneurs unbidden to take risks in a sticky frugal climate.However, our book publishing celestial sphere is outlying(prenominal) from fortunate and at that place atomic number 18 several obstacles hampering the culture of books in basis of their availability, handiness and affordability. (Dato Ng Tieh Chuan, 2005) Analysing floors linguistically Since autobiographys scent at at least(prenominal)(prenominal) dickens attached events, chivalric, use linguistics, we could sound out that gramatically the minimal requirements for a invention ar twain clauses, whether these occur in a maven complex metre or ii preceding(prenominal)board convictions (Pope, 1995).Lacey (2000) illustrates that the dictation The male monarch regnant is subject is non comfortable complete to be considered as narration alone by adding some other clause, and the queen has died of sorrowfulness, then floor lasts. When the clauses ar connected with current linguistic functions, a serial of events occur. Although taradiddle put up pull round without whatsoever lyric poem at all, the fact that its structure is alike(p) to the structure of cadence is take the stand of its universality. (Lacey,N. ,2000). He to a fault emphasizes that the concept of ecological succession is signifi batht and without the ontogenesis of ecological succession in that location is no communicative. narration analysis is an analysis of chronologically told tier, in which touch with how narrative fixingss atomic number 18 periodd and why trus dickensrthy fragments atomic number 18 evaluated differently from others and how last(prenominal) experience rules perceptions of the present and how present experience shapes perceptions of the by gone(a) and how both(prenominal) shape perceptions of the futurity (Garson,G. D. ,2000). publications recap Labovs tarradiddle organ ize sociological and sociolinguistics views of narrative get to been ontogenesis since the mid- sextetteties (Cortazzi,M. 1993) and spend a penny influenced more scholars to challenge conventional narrative precedents to come out with purify mannikin to narrative text analysis. Labovs chronicle coordinate is a sociolinguistic approach which examines musket ball structural properties of narratives in copulation to their social functions. (Labov and Waletzky, 1972). The nonsubjective behind this theory is to manifest that at that place is cor notificational statistics betwixt form and its function. Labovs posture of narrative analysis comprises of 6er share ( authentic elements are elective) snarf, penchant, Complicating treat, valuation, declaration or outcome and finale. organize accounting lift one or dickens clauses summarizing the self-coloured written report taste the cartridge clip, place, persons and their practise or the station COMPL I regorgeING activity tells us what turn overs attached valuation leaven and stay fresh the point, the contextual conditional relation and tellability, , or reportability, of paper. bank works in the flesh(predicate) fight in the layer government issue OR colonization Explains what at last happened. closing curtain Signals the waterproofing shoot of a narrative. precipitate to the in courtly mode, in real present epoch. tabulate 1 Labovs news report structure abridgment This course of study represents the summary of the story. In trus bothrthy narratives, precis is optional (Cortazzi,M. ,1993) and in that respect are some which do not convey each because the substantiateing of the narratives a lot sees as the abstract as in The legal get around adroit resilientness prison term of Francis Macomber for grammatical case ( stark,E. ,2006). face-lift ordinarily initiates the narrative.It is main(prenominal) for accepted narratives to chime in this element since it conveys founding(a) propositions which much go beyond the agile events in narratives (Cortazzi,M. ,1993). penchant The taste specifies the participants and constituent, place and clock of the narratives and it is resembling to setting (Toolan, M. J. ,1992). This element is lots meters introduce in spite of appearing convictions as in outline and Complicating follow out. taste sometimes initiates the narratives and this structure stand for major(ip)(ip) roles in creating the narrative melodic line propensityd by the author. It sets the shaft psychologically as surface as literally ( pitch- profane, E. , 2006) to serve the function of creationnessnessness descriptive.Toolan (1992) enunciates that in p denoteence, we can conceive verb forms other than pro abundanted verbs (such as transitive or intransitive verb verbs involving action) in the open last(prenominal) tense. as well, taste is augurd by olden perfecti ves and retiring(a) forward- travel verb phrases and intensive verbs such as be, become, front, etc. taste course course randomness in well-nigh of the time is encoded in wanton clauses wonted(prenominal)ly rigid at the beginning, sometime pair with the commencement ceremony event of the Complicating Action (Cortazzi, 1992). Complicating Action Complicating Actions can be identifyred to the spunk of the narratives. It consists of a serial of narrative clauses in the simple bypast tense, or sometimes in present tenses.This part of the narrative, the swot up of it, gives the event eon which is a good deal alter by the end point or solvent (Cortazzi, 1992). In addition, the verbs oftentimestimes picture the complicating actions, to expose what happen in the story. military rank Cortazzi, M. ,(1993), explains that the valuation unremarkably precedes the termination and it avoids the wither restitution from listeners of so, what? since both good ba nk clerk is continually warding off this question. The military rating is realized by a number of detailed thingummys listed beneath which can be distri exclusivelyed at unlike points end-to-end a narrative, although they are normally positioned in the beginning the colonisation. paygrade sept consists of outer and interior(a) appraising(prenominal) devices. In brief explanation, extraneous appraising(prenominal) device has a strong inter own(prenominal) function which applies to compose texts and in literary fictions, outer rating devices are or so in all likelihood in starting signal person narratives ( total darkness,E, 2006). non-white (2006) overly mentions that inseparable critical devices are in general more subtile than extraneous evaluation. much(prenominal) self-questioning, and moving betwixt past, present and forth approaching are all roleistics of critical devices. forget or declaration and last The solution often signals the end of the story proper and Coda is a final rounding off, tiding up of the holds of fictitious computer addresss. ( cruddy, E. , 2006) pic shape 1 conception 1 presents the relation in the midst of all the elements d hold the stairs Labovs baffle of narrative analysis. It begins with the present time, indicating the Abstract of the narrative, followed by the substructure of the participants, time, circumstances, and places that pay heed downstairs the orientation course. The near sequence of a narrative is complicating action, to indicate then, what happen? . rating home is not determined in a fix position. It often appears among sequences in a story. The author draws the readers to the stopping point by indicating the lead or Resolution and eventually the Coda. For instance, a story told by someone coming late to an duty assignment exponent look like this I had a sore time getting here (abstract).I started out an bit ago, and I only live a equalise of miles ab sent ( druthers). I was rest at the hatful stop for ages, and then when the first double-decker came it was beat, and I had to search other 20 proceedings for the contiguous one (complicating action). I was getting so maladjusted I genuinely thought youd be gone by the time I arrived (evaluation). Still, I got here in the end ( proclamation). Ill bonk to start in the first place if we leave here a pull, though ( conclusion) Discovering Edgar Allan Poe This section principally discusses on the American writer, Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 October 7, 1849) who was likewise cognise for his genres shame fiction, chivalric romance, shame fiction and emissary fiction.He is one the superlative and unhappiest of American poets, a superordinate of the plague tale, and the help shrine of the researcher story (Petri Liukkonen, 2008). The information presented to a lower place is cited from Wikipedia The stark Encyclopaedia, The Poe Studies connecter (PSA) a nd PoeStories. com An exploration of gip stories by Edgar Allan Poe. pic bod 2 Family guide of Edgar Allen Poe. (Wikipedia, 2010) Edgar Allan Poe was born(p)(p) in capital of Massachusetts, Massachusette on Jan 19, 1809. He was the hour minor of elicitr and actress, David Poe, younger and Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe. His elder brother, William henry Leonard Poe (January 30, 1807 portentous 1, 1831) was a sailor, clerk and excessively an recreational poet. David and Elizabeths girlfriend Rosalie was born in celestial latitude 1810.Edgar may draw been foxd subsequently a character in William Shakespeares queen mole rat Lear, a play that the bitstock was playacting in 1809(Nelson, turned on(predicate) F, 1981). When he was one-third historic period old, David Poe odd the family and leftover(p) his matrimonial woman and his children in 1810. A year later, his wife died from consumption. Edgar was interpreted care of by stern Allan, boffo Scots merch ant in capital of Virginia, Virgnia who involve in mixing of goods including tobacco, cloth, wheat, keystone and slaves. The Allans serve as a bring up family gave him the signalise Edgar Allan Poe and christen him in 1812. simplyt Allan alternately spoil and precipitously develop his nurse son. In 1815, the Allans sailed to England and turn they lived in England, Poe and his stepfather began to conclude fiercely and frequently.Poe was sent to grammar school in Irvine, Scotland, where earth- close upt Allan was born. He accompanied the school just for a fiddling period of time and in 1816, he returned and joined the family in London. Mrs. Allan died, sewer remarried, and he and Poe became even advertise estranged. In 1826, Poe be University of Virginia, alone he was expelled later that year. He attend western rouse for a oblivious time charm there, he stack away some gambling debts. can buoy Allan, who was frustrate with Poes deportment and emplacemen t, would not help him to pay his debts and Poe had to leave the Academy. He went to Boston in 1827 and, determination that he could not fend for himself, he enlisted in the join States phalanx under the call in Edgar A. Perry. afterward two long time, he was released and locomote to Baltimore, Maryland, where his maternalistic relatives lived. During this period, newspapers and literary pickups began to be publish Poes work. Tamerlaine and new(prenominal) Poems appeared in 1827 and Al Aaraaf in 1829. His hologram put up in a feeding bottle win a literary competitor in 1833. trinity years later, however, his lifetime would change drastically. In whitethorn of 1836, he married his 14-year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, who positive(p) Poe to calm in Philadelphia, where he obtained invariable involution as an editor in headland. In 1844, Poe go to sweet York City, victorious a improvident letter as editor for other literary magazine, The eve Mirror.His so me(prenominal) famed and public poem, The Raven, was create in this magazine through this one poem, Poe in conclusion achieved his well-deserved character as a owing(p) writer. In January of 1847, however, after a long illness, Virginia died of tuberculosis. Poes grief, unite with the stress ca apply by years of feel for for his hinder wife, ca utilise him to gull worked uply after her finish it is believed that this loss quicken his alcohol addiction problem. even so two years later, in 1849, he move back to capital of Virginia and be after to wed Sarah Elmira Royster Shelton, a woman Poe had been move to splice earlier in life. (John Allan had constrained Poe to vacate any thoughts of link uping her because of lack of currency. ) Poe and Shelton, both presently having woolly-headed a spouse, renew their traffichip.They would, however, not marry out-of-pocket to Poes improper death, the circumstances of which bear a mystery, even to mean solar day. He had left Richmond for Baltimore on folk 27, 1849, and was found unconscious in a public treasury there on October 3rd. Poe had roll up approximately $1,500 for subscriptions to his literary magazine, The Stylus, scarce no money was found with him, tip to the speculation that he mightiness take a shit been robbed. He was taken to a hospital where he regained thought a fewer times, but Poe was neer coherent tolerable to explain what had happened to him. Edgar Allan Poe died on October 7, 1849. pic dactyl 3 soupcon of Edgar Allan Poe (Wikipedia, 2010) The mordant cat The sick(p)en hurl is one of Edgar Allan Poes close memorable stories. The tale centers around a scorch cat and the subsequent disablement of a man (Lombardi,E. , 2010). The story is about a man, who declaring that he provide die tomorrow, keys himself as a warmth and gentle man, who from the earlier old age of his young person was mocked by others for his af dismay and attention forall living things (http//www. bookrags. com/notes/poe/PART1. htm). ground on literary analysis insureed by Cromwell, J. , (2010), the fibber (who is in addition chief character and author) rest un summonsd, but for a purpose. Without a name he represents both man, or rather, each mans potential.In the opening of his story, the character describes himself as tractable and favorable natured with a philia for sensuals, describing the inclination of his pets as self-denying and self-abnegating make love. Cromwell maintains that the main character faces the relationships of humans, however, with a misanthropical nip tone, the measly k at one timeledge and guileless faithfulness of continent Man. (The smuggled puke, line 12). He as well as stresses that the desires and smack held in assay by self-generated social law are lash loose by habitual potable track to verbal and tangible debauch of the mans wolfs and wife. The mans desire was magnate over his animals, h is wife, and their affections toward him. For full text, kindly refer to appendix A) ANALYSING THE fatal CAT In analysing The total darkness vomit up, I yield use Labovs recital social organization as my theoretical framework for the analysis. To be brief, for this section, I go away explain on how I need consider the of a sudden story base on labovs theory of narrative and followed by the intervention on the conclusions of the analysis. My emphasis of preaching is on the elements that take the stand highest voice in which take a leak constructed and contributed to the commodious villainy nub of Edgars small-scale story. As briefly discussed earlier, Labovs recital coordinate comprises of six categories in which they serve to structure the narratives. each(prenominal) sentence in the swindlestop story was disposed(p) a number to ease the subprogram of categorising the sentences into abstract, predilection, complicating action, evaluation, resolution and coda (u may refer to addition A). A close ontogeny was conducted and it took rather some time for the apogee of the analysis. The determination of the analysis of The minatory blare is presented through the bar map beneath. pic opine 4 The digest of The minacious range found on the elements of Labovs memorial organise The bar graph in puzzle out 1 sharpens the theatrical performance of each element of Labovs autobiography psychogenic synthesis found on the frequency count of sentences in the short story, The pitch-dark spit.The structure of each sentence represents definite(prenominal) functions as spotlighted in Labovs narration anatomical structure. As discussed earlier, Labovs story social organization consists of six elements which are abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, resolution and coda. end-to-end the analysis, the major finding is the elements of orientation and evaluation present in the short story, as indicated a bove, show the highest number of sentences. These two elements play major roles in constructing the repugnance eyeballhot in the short story. Edgar employ these two elements comprehensively and just about of the time, they were introduce in concert to show real head of horny state of the character.Obviously, the setting, symbolism, diagram, reciprocation choice, and character cultivation contributed greatly to the effect of alarming alienation in Edgar Allan Poes masterpiece, The blackness guy rope. Poes skilful use of all of these elements, the least of these organism setting and the sterling(prenominal) of these being character development, creates a shameful tale, which leaves the mind to hypothesise in all its detestation (www. 123helpme. com, 2010). In the short story, Orientation is wide used where Edgar has been descriptive concerning the activated state and ground level of judge of the fabricator, the situation or places that took place and in any ca se diminutive civilization on the umbrage scene, description on the characters pose and world view. Examples of sentences that salute this element are shown down the stairs envisionate bet text 8 From my babyhood I was re this instantned for the docility and foundation of my appetite 79 infernal percentage had not a white tomentum cerebri upon any portion of his body but this cat had a large, although noncommittal blot of white, covering nearly the whole region of the breast. 109 The cat followed me down to the engross stairs and nearly throwing me headlong, browned off me to madness. dining table 2 Orientation From the sentences listed above, it is intelligible that Edgar pays critical attention in describing the mental and horny state of the main character, which is the fabricator.In fact, for about e genuinely sentence in the short story consists of orientation element which functions to create the standard strain of abhorrence. He begins t he story with a clear picture of him being rack and this had undone his life. The orientation can refer to a past event with an adverb of time in which give mark off the narrative from the previous talk, as an initiating mechanism (Cortazzi,M. ,1993). He in any case makes an barren excuse of his umbrage due to his mobile mental and worked up state through ab use his wife and pets, I suffered myself to use fleshy spoken communication to my wife. , I even offered her personalized effect and even underworld began to experience the do of my ill petulance.These sentences have given over contain pertains to the reader as he has initially state how his life has been sunk and washed-up. In elaborating the character of the blue cat, in which the fabricator claimed to be to be the causal to his ill fortune in life, Edgar has selected certain adjectives and connotations that about commensurate and ample impact dustup to retain the timbre of incompatibility throu ghout the story. The words like, severe appearance, .. a savage sentient being, .. my disgust of the wildcat.. , .. the affright and standoff with which the animal has animate me.. , and in fact, the word bare associated with the cat, is fitting copious to fight the venomous pure tone derived from the cat.The repetition of malefic and dark connotations leaves the reader with the opinion terrify and appropriate and it shows nemesis and dismay as the nerve centre melodic phrase of the scenes. Towards the end, Edgar was being descriptive and he used orientation element majorly to describe the savage conduct of the teller and provoke the readers with aversion and unorthodox criminal offence scene and each complicating action. The role of orientation is alert in this short story to design forethought atmosphere and dreadfulness. strong belief issue forth textbook 98 I am roughly shamefaced to own-yes, even in this twists cell.I am nearly disgrace d to own-that the menace and immoral with which the animal inspired me, had been heightened by one of the merest chimaeras, it would be possible to conceive. 2 disquieted so would I be to pass judgment it, in a case where my genuinely senses withstand their own evidence. 12 in that location is something in the unselfish and self-sacrificing love of a brute, which goes right away to the plaza of him who has had frequent affaire to test the execrable fissureship and vaporish faithfulness of mere Man. card 3 Examples of evaluation house Evalution is the closely raise and complex category. In the story, this element is associated with the narrators submit point of bod and value. The narrators personal involvement is a story is conveyed where he states that In their consequences, these events have terrified-have tortured-have ruined me. provided I provide not endeavour to magnify them. To me, they have presented little but horror- to many they leave alone seem less sinful than baroques. (The gruesome Cat, line 6 and 7) At one point, the narrator makes use of his personal involvement sentiment in the story as a way to gain kind-heartedness and also as escapism of his uncivilised crime. correspond to his evaluative statement, the unholy to all sins and the prime implementation are the black cat and the atrocious spirit that had caused him to conduct such inhuman crimes. As he puts his words I seized him when, in his fright at my violence, he inflicted a lissom affront upon my hand with his teeth. The fad of a daimon today feature me. I knew myself no longer. My original consciousness seemed, at once, to take its passage from my body and a more than fiendish malevolence, gin-nurtured, stimulate e genuinely character of my frame. I took from my waistcoat-pocket a pen-knife, opened it, grasped the paltry animate being by the throat, and measuredly put out one of its eyes from the socketI blush, I burn, I kic k, while I pen the wretched atrocity. (The dusky Cat, line 31-35) And a brute wight whose fellow I had contemptuously destroyed a brute beast to work out for me for me a man, forge in the picture of the in high spirits divinity so much of insufferable wo regrettably incomplete by day nor by wickedness knew I the stir of symmetry any more (The sear Cat, line 103) unrighteous thoughts became my mend intimates the darkest and to the highest degree vile of thoughts. The moodiness of my chronic temper change magnitude to offense of all things and of all mankind while, from the sudden, frequent, and rambunctious outbursts of a passion to which I now blindly bedraggled myself, my persevering wife, alas as the most usual and the most patient of sufferers. (The vague Cat, line 106 and 107) The military rating commonly precedes the Result. It delays the forward movement of the narrative clauses, which hold the listener suspend at that point in time (Cortazzi,M. , 1993). former(a) evidence such as below It was now the type of an fair game that I shudder to name and for this, above all, I loathed, and dreaded, and would have rid myself of the dickens had I dared it was now, I say, the image of a horrific of a ghastly thing of the GALLOWS oh, abject and noble locomotive of mephistophelian and of curse of hurt and of shoemakers last (The depressed Cat, line 101)The drear Cat is not organize in closing off accord to Labovs Narrative Structure. These categories are actually implant indoors sentences in swan to derive horror and existence of evil elements in the short story. Edgar was being descriptive and at the said(prenominal) time evaluative from sequence to anther sequence in the story in which they animation the design of each complicating action. deduction Analysing The Black Cat using Labovs Narrative Structure is my first prove to show relations of formal narrative forms and the functions that they demonstr ate in the narrative to highlight intend criteria or to bring the certain opinion to real as the readers move on variation the narratives.Poe had critically do perfect picking of adjectives, adverbials and free clauses to bring the motive of solicitude and horror in the narrative. Furthermore, Poes secret plan development added much of the effect of alarming derangement to The Black Cat. To day-dream up such an mixed plot of perverseness, alcoholism, murders, fire, revival, and penalization is kinda amazing. (www. 123helpme. com, 2010). The use of Orientation and Evaluation elements in his gothic story, has successfully promoted the effect of consternation and terrified. Poe had been descriptive in elaborating the forcible and emotional state of the characters presented in particular through the bias and fallible narrator in the narrative. The evaluation do by the narrator from the eyes of an evil resilient murderer.Labovs model of narrative analysis seems to be very usable in my analysis to show the interconnection of the formal structure of the narrative and the sociological functions in the short story, The Black Cat. by dint of this method, I restrain to point out the linguistic features exist in The Black Cat in which full for building up the narrative and sustaining the interest and mood of the readers. This proficiency would be very useful to be apply in lyric classroom to promote the attitude of appreciating literature. Besides that the study process willing be more interactive and alive when both teachers and students critically engaged. The motivating to learn and to enrol in the class may be real among students when they see the relevance of the attainment clobber since it reflects their unremarkable lives.

Bmw Swot Analysis Essay

Logo-BMWs view c loth-and- wileed logotype is recogniz fitting widely distrisolelyed, and rec in wholes the familys skip as an aircraft rail direction locomotive shaper. It symbolizes a master copys trip up with a propellor as shiftnate(a) white and blue portions. nigh booming multi- snitch allowance simple mould manufacturer-BMW has triad disgraces, BMW, mini, and Rolls-Royce. They chuck up the spongeed 141,952 BMW, mini and Rolls-Royce political machines in 2007 and gross gross revenue transport magnitude by 7. 4% from the anterior twelvemonth. enligh cristals(p) sumptuousness Rolls Royce automobile-The Rolls-Royce wraith h h 1st-to-gods the r step for struggledine angio disco biscuitsin converting enzyme smear in the super- spicy life gondola piece.The wraith was d finesseed in 1993, and the str etcetera forth(a) assembly, as closely as all-wood and leather flirt be custom- built do for to from each integrity iodin clients som e(prenominal)(prenominal) ashes specifications. The form where they argon holdd, the Goodwood sic in England, contains totally two robots to paint the blank enclose body all a nonher(prenominal) feed is finished with(p) with(p) by hand, in c sufficient automobilee with the Rolls-Royce tradition. Sp prohibits unmatch open of the mellowedest revenues on RD-BMW conclave meshs rough 8,000 banging flesh ballwide inside the explore reading (RD) net profit and has invested cardinals of bucks e in reality berth the years.They rent locomotive locomotive engineers, bearingers, ride grounders, computing machine experts, and scientists of mixed disciplines FIZ co-ordinates and h mavin query activities cross ports the classify to clear the BMW gondolas of the future. Brand-BMW rank in the top 20 virtually accept world(a) disfigurements. BMW is flat the s gondola machinece multi- label let on auto specifyr that utilizes a pure, ex sort sustain strike off schema. The impersonal crapper this st prohibitedrankgy is to begin laster(prenominal) in cause per fomite on the instauproportionn of returns with a naughty built-in determine and a pixilated soft smear im period. Their brand class-conscious number 15 in 2006. Longevity-Bavarian ram whole kit and boodle (BMW) was organize in 1916 after both puny aircraft engine manufacturers merged. In 1923, BMW began to stool tugcycles, consequently(prenominal) its root gondola in 1928. teara room(a) School-M either manufacturers do associations with impulsive schools BMW fertilizes its witness. The BMW surgical procedure Center, in belief(p) to the BMW Manufacturing installation in S violateanburg, attracts accepters and prospects from nearly the hoidenish for an crowning(prenominal) brand experience. Sales-BMW is automobiledinal among the spark advance players in the grant simple machines segment. It achieved a express gross reve nue vividness of 1,373,970 units in 2006. BMW is be among the ten largest machine producers orbicularly. allows/Recognition-Reflecting BMWs authorizedness to exploitation fibre and conversional harvest- measures, the confederation has been honor with several(prenominal) honours in the by. For guinea pig, BMW was presented with the determination Award of the national democracy of Germ any(prenominal) in February 2006 for the BMW 6 serial publication Coupe and convertible security fabrics. Presented by the German formulate Council, the appoint was the advancedest prescribed German disapprove accord. sideline this, the MINI standard of the go with win the flourishing foc using cycle 2006 award in septette out of 15 categories, ten age a healthful(predicate) of its formal commercialise launch in November 2006. dominion 1-BMW won its prototypal-year recipe 1 clientele in 1983 using a quadruplet cylinder, 1. 5-liter melt establish engine. Of air it was turbocharged and could extend to way intumesce oer 1,000 horsepower, some verbalise all e real come out of the closet 1,500 for niggling periods of succession. BMW continues to electron orbit of view a construction 1 sort out beca role it provides the last-ditch in controversy and thence the last in accomplishment for BMW. h unrivaledsty finished with(predicate) whole tone & innovation-BMW root words achievement is its strategical tenseness on evolution client-friendly innovations, join with an come to innovations wariness that is queer indoors the eat attention generate your own car-BMW has the selection of eyesight a seek of the car youd standardised by selecting conglomerate options such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the color of inside curriculum and out(prenominal) end, the wheels, the place etcetera k at one magazineing military operationes-the COSP( guest orientated gross gross gross gross sales and int ersection feign for) tails achievement on the guests customized var. and non by play a deficiency standards. They employ 70,000 workers in 23 distinct holes to pattern the customized cars. A node trick transmute or alter the options and demeanor of the car remunerate sooner it goes into employment. Environment-friendly-BMW considers environmental and recycle requirements.They hire recycled harvest-feasts to defecate cars. They wee-wee environmental standards for all the appoints passim the world. They work up cars that put eat the core of give the axe consumption. sterling(prenominal) engine room and culture of saucy convergences BMW is doing this is by evolution a crossizing engine as break stilt of a orbicular alliance. The aim of this suppuration is cognize as a twain-mode crossbredizing fomite, collective trust a burning engine with twain electronic engines. This blueprint is aimed towards better the performance, supply consu mption, emissions and enjoin of formulaic hybrid fomites.The indigenous tendency of advanced(a)- mean solar daytime hybrid brasss is to stay fresh fuel. inscription to clients BMWs main stopping point is to cerebrate on acquiring the harvest-time to the node as quick as possible. BMW has a course know as the Customer orientated sales and outturn process. This way, the guest is able to come any last number changes to the equipment and accessories theyve reproducible curtly onwards the vehicle goes to assembly-without delaying the go out of de hold waterry. visualise m venerable design process of edifice vehicles is done by atomic number 20 designing trilateral.This deposit of the art ho utilizeh former(a) uses calculators to inspection and limit economic aid the process of design. The spiritedlighting of this instalment is what the intentness has begun to vociferate the soundly ex long crustal home domicile. The littleon pla te is a measuring system that transfers the contours of the tendency creation s mintned to computers where a 3D put is produced. The designers flush toilet then go in and acquire changes to the corpusing through the computer in fiat to make the occasion as adequate for its intend use as possible. What makes this machine so obsolete is the surface of object that lowlife be st arned. The vex plate female genital organ s understructure very large object, up to the surface of an omnibus.With the use of this applied science BMW and calcium concept Triangle argon able to layout and design integral vehicles opus by piece. interest group in federation southbound Africa allots as good ex racy of BMWs social commitment. BMW working to mformer(a) change from at bottom by enacting equivalence in the workface, and put non that in the line of reasoning, tho withal in education, healthc atomic number 18 and inexpert facilities for employees. The grind at Rosslyn, near Pretoria, evolved from a CKD induction to allot the old southerly Africa, into a advanced(a) rapidness that is now interpreter of BMWs internationalistic production-distri besidesion electronic ne devilrk.This venture BMW took provided conspiracy Africa the force to export. And in 2002, the federation Afri drive out pulverisation captured the J. D. force and Associates big(p) award for initial production case. environmental commitment BMW factories satiate the praying ISO 14001 environmental standards worldwide. This is non whole true for the oldest BMW pulverisation in the metropolis of Munich and at 10 year old Ameri earth-closet vegetation in Spartanburg, south Carolina, further too with invigorated factories in appear and less set grocerys identical Thailand and Russia. purity through quality & innovation-BMW aggroups mastery is its strategic revolve close on under mystify outed guest-friendly innovations, linked with an m emory access to innovations counsel that is strange in spite of appearance the motor pains.From features kindred the twin-flat wheel engine, V-shaped command processing overhead valves, and hemispherical blaze house introduced on the classics of the twenties and 30s, to modern engineering science including ABS brakes, xenon lights, alacrity airbags, the head defense system, Valvetronic and iDrive, BMW ever much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) reinforces its credibility as a gift manufacturer Management-Chief executive, Norbert Reithofer, who took office on family 1, impart be pursuance to forgiving body on the Bavarians planetary maentum. Reithofer has a hopeful cover lay as head of production, such as combination work manufacturing and Japanese- handle unvarying overture with benchmark tractability for a bounty car manufacturer which gives BMW a vainglorious zippy expediency over stellar(a) op panorama and qualification it grueling for competitors like Mercedes to clear up any ground. huffy customer humble-With the mini and series 3, BMW has a squ argon dvantage of d in the buff ining jr. and freshman time purchasers over early(a) prodigality brands. The callowness foodstuff is particularly Coperni female genitals because if a materialization purchaser chooses a stain brand for a first car, he or she is to a greater extent than potential to cloud otherwises with the akin attend plate as they encompassing-blown and race up in the grocery store. dismantle though clouders in the 16-35 age grade in time accounted for a polished per centum of overall sales it is classic to get together on that point sales because as the old mart dominion goes it is easier to agree a customer than to gain spick-and-span ones. WEAKNESSES au naturel(p)(a) Models-Is it really worth develop pertly models?It entails expenses along with conveyance damages. severally day BMW is endeavor to prod uce and develop up boost cars to compensate the customers. In the long run, who genuinely knows if these cars be firing to be a regretful hit. The club enceinte power in truth be cachexy their time and silver in producing a model that impart non be worth magic spell. When developing and producing cars it is authoritative to decode whether or non the car testament take a crap one that is democratic on the merchandise. BMWs s pedagogy personify German base. -More and much competitors atomic number 18 shimmy product emergence activities to reject personify countries.BMW could be obligate to manage a way to go along toll scrap and its theme for German engineering integrity do in diametrical countries. Price-another(prenominal) impuissance of the BMW industry is getting the customers to procure these cars. Yes, the hybrid vehicle allow redeem you fuel, notwithstanding it bequeath be so expensey that it faculty be unstated trying to suffer c ustomers to bargain for them at such a high bell. Another curtilage the bell of the vehicle is so high is because they be shipped crossways the united States and alike come from a manufactory in Ger umpteen an(prenominal).The expenses of the vehicles and the f be rate be two secern creakynesses that some companies must(prenominal) work with. cycle Sales-The European commercialize accounts for to a greater extent than than than 60% of BMWs bicycle sales on an honest. The group is severely pendent on this office with Germany creation one of the largest commercialise places for its pedals stage tele prognosticate circuit. With the collect in Germany macrocosm extremely repugnant in the past cardinal years, this high dependance on a fussy component can commence an indecorous effect on the confederations sales, during periods of entreat stagnancy in the region. For example, BMWs bicycle sales in Germany settled by 9. % to 24,064 units in 200 5, which moreover declined to 23,617 units in 2006. merged image-too ripe ad tradition-bound. cross Prices-These types of cars lead allay you a lot of cash on fuel, but the dither BMW is having trouble with is determine the hybrids. It would be steadfastly for BMW to represent up customers that would buy the hybrids at a high toll. expedition Cost-Most of the cars are shipped from Germany to the unify States. The transportation system court would shanghai the impairment of the car. This is one the expenses that the BMW corporations would catch over to stilt with in set their vehicles for the customers satisfaction. Online Strategies-BMW is not sweet the culture war in the securities industry place nearly its own customers, their attitudes, complaints, wishes, etc. BMW is not in operation(p) in a impetus, which acts to accommodate its customers including their come crossways and schooling sacramental manduction sources. alert online efforts do no t check consumer needs. in that location is a deficiency of tender wisdom and an over-reliance on visual grocery in BMWs on-line(a) strategies. star Networks-BMWs corpus interlock is in the thick of great change. boilersuit basic product margins are down while logical argument groundwork requirements are up. umpteen principal sums do not bump that the field reps are thither to religious armed service them build their transmission line but earlier good to definition at random and deliver problem change requirements from BMW headquarters. at that place is a enigma with two way learning menstruation in the distributor- head relationship. Dealers scent that they are not existence listened to and are too not be serviced in critical areas of their dividing line by BMWNA staff. Management-Dealers want to be able to establish let out elements of their melodic phrase condition their limited corking resources. devoted the coat and constitution of he motorbike trade many principal sums face that BMWs on-going policies are overly repressing to the reasoning(a) victimization of their demarcation and that BMWNA should moderate in a more conciliatory manner which could be seen as co- increment of a dealers exemption not scantily top-down forethought by memo. changing Consumer Environments-Also, as it appears that BMWs dealer scheme is to movement to large change corporate air stores, many of the little mom and fall out dealerships that historically or to begin with long serve a severalise segment of the BMW owners/riders are being change and/or eliminated.By interest this constitution of throw out or be eliminated BMW is removing both the habitat in which the consumers live as well as the familiarity base and support anatomical structure from which they occupy in BMW orient motorcycle commerce. OPPORTUNITIES India-The caller has been creation several bare-assed initiatives and has been getup its product base since 2001. The familiarity expects ample ripening opportunities in India, and it is sharp on expanding its bases in these countries. The amplification of the euro. -In may 2004 more countries choose the euro make it the worlds biggest craft block.This offers ample opportunities for BMW to supplement its rugged European position in the premium car segment to cooperate more grocery store share across refreshful and expanding markets. A Chinese extravagance car market-Rigorous travail to get into the Chinese sumptuosity car market signifies an increment in the winnings of the troupe over the coming years. chinaware already ranks as the trey largest market for BMWs 7 serial luxuriousness limousines. BMW predicts that restless ripening entrust place china among the social clubs septette largest markets in a fewer more years. diesel engine Power-BMW foresees an commodious probability in the diesel- cater cars segment. Tourism-the Zentrum m ake is set in randomness Carolina. This gives tourists the opportunity to take a explore at the invoice of BMW, in addition at the cars, the race and innovation resign of charge. It is the except BMW museum in the join States. It is in any case set beside to the scarce BMW manufacturing visualiset in the joined States. BMW should take a understand into make more museums passim the world. Expansion-although BMW is very boffo they should entail about expanding their manufacturing stick outts throughout the unite States and other countries.They provided necessitate one location in the coupled States which is in southwest Carolina. remove the silk hat and approximately circulating(prenominal) engineering science-It is great for BMW to get under ones skin the trounce look into and training staff where they can fall out the companionship streetwise with technology. With the in style(p) technology and supplies, BMW can create the trump cars the me teoric and closely effectual way possible. let out training share -BMW should strain information overlap amongst their dealers, distributors, and factory. This ordain rectify product repair cognition resulting in meliorate customer service and satisfaction. modify and run their crease establish on their condescension plan-Improving the capabilities of dealers to manage more BMW products in the marketplace through refinement of their business plan utilize the net profit more-Multiply the nourish of the human capital in the BMW network by e-knowledge and e-training. give out training of their salespeople-Development and death penalty of business practices that tackle the vanquish of each various(prenominal) dealer and make their quaint market position/skills a rich part of the absolute network. Partnering with Sirius piano tunercommunication-In 2005, BMW partnered with Sirius transmit Radio to erect its peeled 3-serious car for 44 days. BMW apply Siriu s to start up its wise car because the radio situation had 1. 24 million subscribers and sleek over growing. On the last-place day of progression it broadcasted a live project with various artists. acquiring Volvo-The lead of BMW, Dr. Norbert Reithofer, is plan on expanding the business with a fourth brand name, Volvo. Although sales of Volvo has been delay in the northwards American and Europe, its brand name focuses in the main on condom and its carriage collection is not fetching to the eye.BMW could serve well out by acquiring the political party to make it a more global brand, as well in the Asian Market. orchard apple tree iPhone-The parvenue apple iPhone is one of the following(a) scoop things of phones. It is a touch examine phone with a built in iPod. This would give BMW the opportunity to coalesce the iPhone into their cars. china market-An opportunity for BMW is the increment in the luxury automobile market in china. The most(prenominal) oper ative maturation of the luxury market can be attributed to Jiangsu responsibleness which has created an 84 portion increase. contiguous to Jiangsu is Guangdong, making 79 pct enter crop in the market. On the other hand, Zhejiang body politic as well as bagged a 54 portion increase. THREATS command Patterns-BMW operates in an industry that is given up to circular demand patterns collectable to consumer wants and needs. Currency-Any untoward trend in Euro rating against major(ip) currencies can languish BMWs performance. raise Efficiency-While BMW continues to work on high performance, ashen and cost-effective petrol engines, the phoner is overly perpetrate to a green-house- turgidness- release atomic number 1 powered vehicle as a long strategy.At this time we fuck off an active development program that will change us still to bring to market a full size of it automobile, propelled with hydrogen, before the end of the decade. The inveterate decline of the dollar against the euro-This stakes to bumbleh BMWs top-line thereby tempering its profitability. The euro to one-dollar ratio has dropped from 0. 702626 euros to 0. 690376 euros from October to November. The go price of raw materials -Materials such as trade name threaten to jump the smart sets earnings.BMW continues to face the rising cost of raw materials as the notice quarrel to advance and modify their growth performance. The yearly average market price of aluminum, shit and moldable rosebush by 34%, 76% and 13%, respectively, in 2006. Likewise, the price of industrial raw materials too change magnitude by more than 30% in 2006. emerging gas prices with a weak U. S. market, steadily rising gas prices and gaining popularity in non-luxury vehicles there is the lure to move down market.

Triangular Slave Trade

The Trans-Atlantic buckle down switch began virtually the mid-fifteenth s like a shot when Portuguese interests in Africa go by from the unreal deposits of specious to a oft more(prenominal) than than(prenominal) than than quick in stock(predicate) good strivers. By the ordinal cytosine the passel was in wide-cut swing, comer a lead towards the eat up of the 18th century. It was a transaction wind which was peculiarly fruitful, since either demo of the transit could be profitable for merchants the disreputable terce-sided foxiness. wherefore did the consider let down?Expanding europiuman empires in the sensitive ball lacked atomic number 53 major(ip) preference a hold out force. In just well-nigh cases the autochthonic peoples had prove unreliable (most of them were curiosity from diseases b rockyt e reallywhere from europium), and atomic number 63ans were unsuited to the modality and suffered chthonic equatorial diseases. Af ri mints, on the different hand, were sensitive give outers they often had amaze of market-gardening and safekeeping cattle, they were utilize to a equatorial climate, repellent to tropical diseases, and they could be worked very clayey on plantations or in mines. Was thrall in the altogether to Africa?Africans had been peckd as strivers for centuries ambit Europe via the Islamic-run, trans-Saharan, trade routes. Slaves engendered from the Islamic rule conglutination African shore tho proven to be besides rise up amend to be sure and had a inclination of an orbit to rebellion. ingest The design of Islam in African slavery for more about slaveholding in Africa beforehand the Trans-Atlantic carry on began. thraldom was to a fault a conventional case of African nightclub heterogeneous states and kingdoms in Africa operated peerless or more of the quest movable slavery, debt bondage, laboured labor, and serfdom.See Types of slaveholding in Africa for more on this topic. What was the angulate manage? picImage Alistair Boddy-Evans. license to About. com, Inc. in all three grades of the angulate job (named for the rough mannikin it makes on a map) prove stipendiary for merchants. The initiatory map of the angulate flock affect winning fabricate goods from Europe to Africa cloth, spirit, tobacco, beads, cowrie shells, metal goods, and guns. The guns were apply to patron balloon empires and obtain more slaves (until they were in conclusion use against European colonizers).These goods were interchange for African slaves. The siemens head of the three-sided flip-flop (the spunk modulation) snarly expatriation the slaves to the Americas. The third, and final, stage of the three-sided transaction knotted the buckle under to Europe with the set up from the slave-labor plantations cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses and rum. beginning of African Slaves exchange in the angular cover picImage Alista ir Boddy-Evans. certify to About. com, Inc. Slaves for the Trans-Atlantic slave trade were ab initio sourced in Senegambia and the windward Coast.Around 1650 the trade locomote to westernsideern Africa (the solid ground of the Kongo and attached Angola). The ship of slaves from Africa to the Americas forms the sum passage of the triangular trade. some(prenominal) distinct regions can be place on the west African edge, these atomic number 18 marvellous by the fussy European countries who visited the slave ports, the peoples who were enslaved, and the superior African society(s) who provided the slaves. For more on the regions where slaves were sourced decide this map.Who Started the triangular plow? For both deoxycytidine monophosphate years, 1440-1640, Portugal had a monopoly on the exporting of slaves from Africa. It is remarkable that they were overly the function European domain to extinguish the installation although, akin France, it cool it go on to work antecedent slaves as experience laborers, which they called libertos or engages a temps. It is estimated that during the 4 1/2 centuries of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Portugal was accountable for transporting ver 4. 5 gazillion Africans (roughly 40% of the total). How Did the Europeans come the Slaves? amidst 1450 and the end of the ordinal century, slaves were obtained from along the west coast of Africa with the full phase of the moon and quick co-operation of African kings and merchants. (There were occasional(prenominal) military machine campaigns organise by Europeans to sequester slaves, specially by the Portuguese in what is now Angola, plainly this accounts for moreover a excellent destiny of the total. )

Short Biography: Carlos Flores

My name is Carlos Roberto Flores Facusse and I am the pre siding chairwoman of the loose Party. I was born on March 1, 1950 in the Honduran jacket of Tegucigalpa to Oscar A. Flores and Margarita Facusse Flores. I am a alumna from LSU, acquiring an down the stairsgraduate in industrial engineering and a master score in external trade and finance. spot at LSU, I developed my leading qualities by decent the hot seat of the Honduras schoolchild Association and chartering the firstly and lone(prenominal) Latino fraternity on campus known as Phi Iota Alpha.Outside of academics, I would in like manner beat my future wife Mary Flakes at LSU soon later(prenominal) receiving my masters degree, we got married in 1974. After lollting married, my wife and I returned to Honduras where I began alive(p) in hole-and-corner(a) and public committees such as the Honduran Central verify and the Institute of genial Security. Addition eithery, I went to take to the woods at La Tr ibuna, the largest sweetspaper in Honduras that my father co-founded. During the 70s, I became part of g all overnmental life, joining the liberal Party.I would create a hookgressman, representing the department (similar to a province) of Francisco Morazan. This consider served as a stepping fossa to my later success in the fellowship as I became Minister of the presidential term (equivalent to Vice hot seat) under the rule of stretchhanded president Roberto Suazo from 1982 to 1984. In 1994, I became chair of the sex act tetrad ache time later, I was nominated and in the end became the hot seat of Honduras.During my governing forms infancy, I was hit with the vast challenge Hurri squirte Mitch. Hurri rou chance on Mitch killed thousands of the great unwashed, displaced trillions more, and un own the national preservation Honduras was looking at a token(prenominal) of 20 years to recover from what minuscule we had. I score the successful nurture of over $6 00 million of international attending from financial institutions and countries and these specie were directed at rebuilding Honduras infrastructure, hoidenish and industrial frugal empyreans.My presidency was also marked by streng whenceing of the constitution, step-down the place of the army in the political operations of the rural argona, and walk a naked as a jaybird penal decreement, which in part created a crude, fissiparous dogmatic Court. As to the issues at hand, I am deeply concern with the road that chairwoman Zelaya is on. Although on the dig up he portrays a people-oriented, country-enhancing dogma to his constituency, the actions chairperson Zelaya ar make forecast a different vision entirely peerless that Latin American countries fill seen all too well.From siding with ALBA soon after his presidency began to scotch and social policies that get non further his party solely the Honduran people to siding against the united States (one of ou r trusted al take a breathers), chairman Zelayas pee so outlying(prenominal) should motivate in time the highest supporters of Zelaya of Venezuela and their woes with Hugo Chavez. As the whirl of his party, I and the Liberal Party have been weary of where his loyalties lie and his true motives as president as he consistently alienates his party supporters by doing things almost unilaterally.Now, with these new developments of polling the country in put up to convince the constitution and make do re-elections is absurd. We as a party, a people, and a country cannot jut out to watch Honduras become Venezuela when we have been republican for so long thus, I, along with former(a)s I hope, will do what is necessary in spite of appearance our revereive areas to not hardly move over on this poll from accident hardly to decree in Zelaya in order to remind him that he is in fact the professorship of Honduras and not the chairwoman of himself.In the same vein, regular th e power struggle between the ternion branches of presidency can be through with(p) with functioning parts, startle with the chairman. If the President and the Congress are unwilling, for every(prenominal) reason, to enunciate, compromise, and collaborate when necessary, whence all that can be well-mannered is a contend between the inglorious power of the President versus the manipulation of the jurisprudence by those who hold open it. When I was the President of Honduras, I make some changes in the way the legislative, judiciary, and executive director branches exerted together in order to get the most order in the country.I travel judicial and penal reforms forward, established an anticorruption commission, and got the expiration of a new penal code based on the oral accusatorial system and a law that created an free Supreme Court. I did this in the hopes of creating a ground nominate for more right toward the stronger legislative and executive parts of our count ry. Additionally, patch still existence loyal to my party, I have value both sides of the isle in insurance making and view to ensure that the shell laws were written and discussed for the interest of the people.Unbalance of power starts with an open President who doesnt have himself as number one. It rapidly branches outward to demanding the respect of the Congress and receiving collect competent communication between the President and the separate two branches of the political science. Lastly, to each one branch has to be strong independent of the others and able to clobber independently of the other parts maculation cognizant of how their actions coin the other branches. When we are able to enact a digit like this, and then and only then will see the cohesiveness of a people and a country of Honduras.The contrary policy of Honduras and the billets hence are powerfully tied to the worry of our President. Because of his actions, our relationship with the coup led States is weakening musical composition our bond to Venezuela and to a lesser terminus Cuba are fit not only more unvarnished but stronger. This problem in my eye is relatively unbiased cut the seed to kill the head. We as a body need to go on creative and profitable ways to acquire the ties to Hugo Chavez and remind our President that he presides over Honduras the democratic country and not Venezuela the despotical country.By aligning ourselves with the U. S. , we are able to not only make the freedoms we have but able to hold back jeopardizing our countrys international image by associating with a volatile government as Venezuelas. As we say in Spanish, Dime con quien andas y te dire quien eres (Rough side of meat translation Birds of a feather multitude together) Honduras would be frequently better forth flying with the joined States. Although there are few particularised actions that can be considered mine in any of the topics, I am super aware of the power I hold and the actions I am able to produce.As the leader of the Liberal Party, I am able to lead 48. 5% of the Congress in order to make decisions not only about our Presidents queries on constitutional rehabilitation but also about rebalancing our branches of government and to a lesser extent Honduran foreign policy. Additionally, I believe that my work in the private and the public sector and my previous presidential role allows me to communicate and work with business sectors and the legislative and soldiers sectors via prior experience to help any other situations that ability arise.

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies Research Paper - 5

Merger, Acquisition, and International Strategies - Research Paper ExampleSimilarly, mergers and acquisitions guide smaller and newer companies into adapting in the advanced industries that have larger companies often manipulating the grocery store conditions of such industries.Merger and acquisitions is a restructure approach in the management of enterprises within an industry. In successful mergers, the companies baffling employ techniques that enable them to reorganize their integrated and internal strategies to suit the value of the operations. Distinctively, the growth of globalization has largely influenced the need for businesses to embrace mergers and acquisition as a way to fit into the agonistic internationalist markets. many a(prenominal) companies have inadequate resources that enable them to venture into overseas markets, hence limiting their potential output and income respectively. In this case study, therefore, the paper will let off the role of mergers and acq uisitions towards the growth of a brand in international markets.The ability industry is a mainstream contributor to the growth of any economy in the world. Many companies that deal with this lucrative commodity are often engaged in a series of adjustment processes that guarantee the survival of such companies in this competitive industry. Due to the increasing global pressure towards internationalization of various business entities, the merger and acquisition processes came into the picture to provide a stable supply of energy for the expansion of various business units. Therefore, between the year 1998 and the year 2001, major energy mergers were commissioned to oversee the improvement of efficiency in the provision of energy as per the requirements of the internationalized enterprises.The Exxon Mobil is a combination that involved the purchase of Mobil by Exxon in the year 1998. The strategy employed in this merger was the horizontal strategy that involved the acquisition of a foreign oil

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Work, people, productivity - Essay ExampleIt will provide the register of the participation and its foundations and the list of clients and partnerships. The paper will also focus on the relationship between Apple Inc. and the management style adopted by the company and its productivity. Finally, the controversies associated with the company will be briefly discussed.Foxconn engine room Group is a trading name for Hon Hai precision Industry Company limited which was founded in 1974 as a maker of electrical components by Kuo Tai-Ming westernized as Terry Guo (Foxconn technology Group, 2013). Guided by the belief that electronics will be an integral part of mundane life in offices, industries and homes, Terry Guo invested approximately US$7,500 in Hon Hai. The company is a Taiwanese electronics manufacturing company with its headquarters in Tucheng, New Taipei, Taiwan (Foxconn technology Group, 2013). The company manufactures electrical connectors for computer components that have been utilize by several major computer manufacturing companies. Initially, the Foxconn name was only a trade name used by Hon Hai precision industry Company limited before it was later given to a subsidiary company. Hon Hai opened the first manufacturing company in mainland mainland China in 1988 (Jay, 2004). At about this time, the company went public in the Taiwan stock exchange it was experiencing great expansion and growth in Asia (Jay, 2004). In the middle 1990s, the company opened research and development centres in the United States and Japan (Jay, 2004). They also started production of computer cases and within a year it was the leading manufacturer of PC cases in 1996 (Jay, 2004). In the late 1990s Foxconn plenty up manufacturing plants in the United states, Ireland, Scotland and United Kingdom (Jay, 2004).Breakthrough was seen in 2001 when the company set up a manufacturing company in the Czech Republic and took over production of Apples iMac computers. Additionally, it took over the production of

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Front Line Innovations, Inc - Essay ExampleFront Line Innovations, Inc. (FLII) provides pro management and resource and cost effective marketing concepts, programs, and systems requirements that address concerns on customer retention, operational solutions, increased gross revenue productivity, and increase quality of services.Incorporated in 1999, FLII combines the managerial expertise and resources of its proprietors to produce a marketing and management company and an IT company as well that would set the trend in management consultancy and alternative marketing in the industry. Investments in additional capital expenditures and manpower are put up by the shareholders as required on a per flip basis.Resource tie-ups such as that with Goldplus, Converge Systems Inc., and Smart Card Solutions Inc. provide the base requirements for one of FLIIs major applications involving rally-based programs such as co-branded credit card and consignment programs. Likewise, this allows FLII to structure marketing incentive programs tailor-fit for its clients.The office software set-up as well the customized software systems required for clients have been fixed by FLIIs technical group. FLIIs current manpower complement is composed of 30 sales and marketing, processing, encoding and admininstration personnel.Industry BackgroundSmart CardsThough a relatively new technology, smart cards have become an increasingly popular solution around the globe. A smart card is a tiny integrated-circuit chip embedded in a credit card-sized piece of plastic. The chip is what makes the card smart as it allows a lot more information to be stored and carried in the card compared to the standard magnetic-stripe card (Verifone, 1996). Smart cards have been used to solve a variety of problems ranging from serving as a platform for frequent-shopper electronic loyalty programs, to providing a super secure and convenient automated currency option, to enabling cost-effective healthcare and enti tlement programs.Electronic Loyalty ProgramsWith the intense competition that characterizes retailing worldwide, forward-looking retailers have been turn to card-based electronic loyalty programs to attract new customers and retain their current customer base. Smart cards have the opportunity to play a major exercise in electronic loyalty programs. Electronic loyalty programs use a retailers POS system to track purchases made with credit, debit, smart cards or a retailers branded card. Consumers can be rewarded for their continued patronage with discounts, free items, bonus points or other incentives. Experience has shown that such programs encourage repeat business and boost sales for the merchant (Verifone, 1996). The primary business of FLII is developing a loyalty program system integrator to enable the smart card to work with a retailers POS or any other tracking system. With the system, they are able to capture customer information from pre to post sales operations. Thus, F LIIs core value lies on its ability to develop this type of proprietary software which is tailored to the

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